Rule of 400 - eviltoast
  • fmstrat@lemmy.nowsci.com
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    1 year ago

    Posting this at top level since its burried in replies:

    Fact time. You don’t always die when shot, and the US is a baby factory. I can’t find good stats on non-lethal gunshot, so I’ll do the rest.

    Verdict: Pretty accurate.

    • 8.4% without health insurance (33 in 400)
    • 11.5% poverty rate (46 in 400)
    • 20% adults at or below literacy level 1 (80 in 400)
    • 57% mental illness untreated (228 in 400) (requires math from NIH source)

    References:

    • rallatsc@slrpnk.net
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      1 year ago

      Btw your 20% figure includes those at Level 1 literacy, only 8% are below level 1 (from your source)

        • _dev_null@lemmy.zxcvn.xyz
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          Best I could find:

          People with Level 1 Literacy can:

          • Locate one piece of information in a sports article

          • Locate the expiration date on a driver’s license

          • Total a bank deposit entry

          People with Level 2 Literacy can:

          • Interpret appliance warranty instructions

          • Locate an intersection on a street map

          • Calculate postage and fees when using certified mail

          People with Level 3 Literacy can:

          • Write a brief letter to explain a credit card billing error

          • Use a bus schedule to choose the correct bus to take to get to work on time

          • Determine the discount on a car insurance bill if paid in full within 15 days

          People with Level 4 Literacy can:

          • Explain the difference between two types of benefits at work

          • Calculate the correct change when given prices on a menu

          People with Level 5 Literacy can:

          • Compare and summarize different approaches lawyers use during a trial

          • Use information in a table to compare two credit cards and explain the differences

          • Compute the cost to carpet a room in a house

          • Waraugh@lemmy.dbzer0.com
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            1 year ago

            Damn, I’m fairly dumb but I think I could put this on my resume, I’m a lot higher in literacy than I expected.

          • i can’t interpret warranty instructions, but I’ve done the credit card thing. I also found the phones from the manufacturer that were compatable with my non-international telecommunications service. (I got the first Sony waterproof release in the age of ricepacks)

            So I’m… esoteric.

            • _dev_null@lemmy.zxcvn.xyz
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              1 year ago

              I saw that warranty one and was like, welp, I’m already in trouble.

              Then I got down to the lawyer one, and was like hey only lawyers can understand lawyers in court. A lawyer I am not.

    • pine@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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      1 year ago

      I wanted to test myself to get a sense of what “level one literacy” actually meant but you have to pay to take the test and the OECD already gets enough of my money as is.

        • cantsurf@lemm.ee
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          1 year ago

          But its not as shocking if I say that there are a million people in the room and one gets shot per day! (But I mean, that still seems significant to me.)

          In their example, almost everybody is getting shot every year. Happy birthday, BLAM!

      • BigDanishGuy@sh.itjust.works
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        1 year ago

        That needs an addendum, otherwise it sounds like any GSW is about as lethal as covid19:

        Not accounting for suicides and precision shooting, a single GSW is likely an accident, which drives the lethality down considerably. Filter out unintentional single GSWs and I bet the lethality is rather different.

          • BigDanishGuy@sh.itjust.works
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            1 year ago

            Maybe I’m reading the abstract wrong, but it appears that the article specifically compares single headshots with multiple GSW including a single head GSW. In which case there’s no significant difference.

            But maybe I’m reading it wrong. I may be biased, because I really want to believe that JimBob shooting himself in the foot cleaning his gun, occurs with a higher frequency and with less mortality, than people shooting to kill.

            • Ookami38@sh.itjust.works
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              1 year ago

              I admit I didn’t look deep into that particular article. There are a lot of sources easy to find that show that multiple GSWs are surprisingly not that much more lethal, but they’re harder to repair. This one for example which lists 13% for single, and 18% for multiple.

    • jeffhykin@lemm.ee
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      1 year ago

      That’s good to see a lot of the statistics are close, and I appreciate the sources.

      That said, for a full picture, I think you should mention that the average 20 year old doesn’t have 18 gunshot wounds (365 wounds per 400 per year, is about 9.1 wounds per person per decade, or 18.2 wounds per 20 years per person)

      So I’d appreciate if you include a bullet point about that.

    • dandelion@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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      5 months ago

      You didn’t fact-check how many trans people there are in the U.S.1

      It looks to be between 0.5% and 1.6% of the total U.S. population (2 - 6 in 400).

      References:

      Semi-related, the number of intersex people (in the literature they talk about people with “disorders of sexual development”) have also been estimated to be around 1% of the population (4 in 400), source:

      https://www.nature.com/articles/518288a

      1 yes, the U.S. isn’t mentioned in the OP, but your sources are looking at U.S. demographics and so I will continue with the U.S.-centrism already present.


      Some Thoughts (oh boy):

      There is a weird logic to pointing out how few trans people there are actually are in the OP. Even if there were many more trans people, (like if there really were 1 in 5 trans people as is commonly mis-perceived), would that make the GOP’s campaign of fear-mongering and animus any more justified? I don’t think this is what Shon (@gayblackvet) was going for, but it almost seems like a consequence of how the message was written.

      Maybe I’m wrong here, but does it seem like way it is written implies that the problem is not that the trans panic is unjustified in its fear of trans people, but that it is merely blown out of proportion? Maybe the angle was that even if we assume trans people are a problem, it’s still so few people it’s not worth all this panic and legislation (there are >500 anti-trans bills in the U.S. right now, over 40 of them have already passed).

      Rhetorically this perspective-taking might be effective in appealing to mildly transphobic centrists or moderate conservatives who are not entirely comfortable with trans people but who might not want to be perceived as transphobic and don’t want to be associated with the rabid and vocal transphobia of the GOP.

      That wedge between a more moderate closeted transphobe and a more openly transphobic right-wing one is politically useful, so I am not necessarily complaining, but there is a concern here about whether tackling transphobia is really the goal here, and if so how we should best go about that.

  • katy ✨@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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    1 year ago

    my favourite is how tennessee effectively made insurance more expensive for everyone because one trans child wanted to play sports with her friends in school

      • katy ✨@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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        they basically put up a bill that banned tenncare from contracting with organizations that offer gender affirming care in any state, which is… a lot of organizations which limits the options which makes everything more expensive. at the time it was all based on a lawsuit from one 8 year old trans girl who wanted to play sports with her friends.

        • GeneralVincent@lemmy.world
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          1 year ago

          Nothing more Republican than having the government artificially restrict free market capitalism… wait that not what every Republican I’ve ever known has said they support. Weird.

    • Kit@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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      Some people didn’t have an opportunity to learn in the first place. Lack of education doesn’t make someone “fucking NUTS”.

      • TeckFire@lemmy.world
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        1 year ago

        I think they meant a quarter of the population being illiterate, that is, that fact that such a statistic exists, is “fucking nuts,” not the illiterate population themselves.

      • Pipoca@lemmy.world
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        1 year ago

        This basically comes down to how you define literacy.

        Nationally, 21% of Americans have level 1 or below literacy on the PIAAC literacy scale. That’s probably where the 85 people came from.

        12% are at level 1, meaning they can only read at a basic level. 4% are functionally illiterate, and 4% had some kind of cognitive or physical handicap or language barrier that kept them from being surveyed.

        About 34% of illiterate Americans were born outside the US, so they’re possibly literature in another language.

    • dogfoodeater@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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      1 year ago

      This video is a great discussion of literacy. To put that rate into context, ‘illiterate’ often includes people that can read and write a little bit, but still struggle with some vital or everyday tasks. According to Wikipedia, 20% of US adults have a literacy level at or below level 1 which would be 80 people in this example. This report has a ton of stats and also defines each level of literacy.

    • weeeeum@lemmy.world
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      I have no idea how no one has picked up on this and have all decided “Americans are dumb”.

      What everyone has missed is the literacy statistic is for ENGLISH literacy. The other 20% or so are pretty much all immigrants that cannot speak English and there aren’t tens of millions of adults with the mental capacity of a rock.

      • idiomaddict@feddit.de
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        1 year ago

        I’m from Connecticut. Willimantic area, not Greenwich area, but we were still less damaged by Jim Crow and similar policies (except for redlining, that fucked everyone). I spoke to a man in 2017, who had been born in the US, seemed aware and thoughtful, and had to get his granddaughter to write down the claim number I wanted to give him, because he didn’t know his numbers or letters.

        I didn’t ask, even though it was killing me with curiosity. His granddaughter probably heard the curiosity in my voice, and explained that in 1967, when he was able to leave school, the teachers didn’t care whether a black kid learned to read. They let him leave school at twelve, even though it was well after brown v the board of education. By the time he wanted to learn to read, he was older, had full time work, and it just didn’t click.

        That man was underserved by his government well past the point of mistreatment, not stupid. He’s obviously only one data point, but he’s not the only black man who was treated differently in schools

      • Pipoca@lemmy.world
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        1 year ago

        Not entirely.

        Only about a quarter of them were born in another country. Then you’ve got e.g. people with severe cognitive delays or some kind of physical impairment such as blindness. And there’s also people whose education system failed them.

        It’s honestly a mix of things.

  • 1rre@discuss.tchncs.de
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    1 year ago

    If at least 1 person in the room of 400 is shot per day they’d be dead in just over a year…

    Last I checked the population of the US wasn’t plummeting, so what else is wrong here?

      • 1rre@discuss.tchncs.de
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        Oh no I see the point, but I’m hardly going to believe a point that’s surrounded by obvious mistakes or embellishments

        • VikingHippie@lemmy.wtf
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          In this case, being more accurate would have distracted from the overall point.

          Granted, attracting the dismissive comments of insufferable pedants and the wilfully obtuse isn’t ideal either, but here we are 🤷

          • OmegaMouse@feddit.uk
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            How would being more accurate distract from the point? I agree with what the post is saying, but making up statistics doesn’t really help IMO and takes away from the credibility

              • OmegaMouse@feddit.uk
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                It doesn’t seem like this post was meant to be hyperbolic though? Hyperbole doesn’t work well in the context of numbers. If someone said 1 in 100 people drive a Toyota, how would I differentiate that from being an actual figure or hyperbole? It’s not obvious unless you look into it. Likewise, if someone told me that 1 in 400 people in the US get shot every day I’d struggle to tell if that’s true or not, given how much I hear about gun crime over there.

                This post is quite clearly framed in a way that sounds like fact.

              • GrapesOfAss@lemmy.world
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                1 year ago

                Im pretty sure those users a legitimately, unironically autistic.

                Not being abelist, just trying to prevent others from taking this argument for more than it is: someone incapable of thinking outside explicit literals.

                • OmegaMouse@feddit.uk
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                  1 year ago

                  Lol fair enough, I can understand why you’d think that.

                  I’m quite capable of thinking figuratively. But in the way that this post is framed, I’m pretty sure any layperson would take the figures as being based on some actual statistics. It’s deceptive, and I don’t think that’s a good look if anyone were to look into this in any detail. If you’re going to make an analogy, make it actually analogous. And if you want to use hyperbole, use it in a way that’s clear (i.e. by not mixing in numbers)

                • DessertStorms@kbin.social
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                  1 year ago

                  That’s not how autism works, and saying you’re not being ableist doesn’t actually mean you’re not being ableist, as you’ve demonstrated here.

                  (and before you even try, because I’m not coming back to debate this, I am autistic, and those assholes are just being deliberately obtuse and pedantic, throwing autistic people under the bus to defend them is gross. And if you are autistic too and think that means you can’t be ableist, let me introduce you to lateral and internalised ableism which are what your reply would be if not “run of the mill” ableism)…

                • AdmiralShat@programming.dev
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                  1 year ago

                  It’s not misinformation if the post starts off as a hypothetical

                  Some people like you aren’t capable of thinking much further than your face though

            • VikingHippie@lemmy.wtf
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              Expressing the number of people shot as a tiny fraction of 400 million people would raise at least as many questions about accuracy and make it EASIER for people like you to distract from the point by obsessing over an unimportant (to the point being made) detail.

              Analogies and third decimal-accurate statistics just don’t fit together.

              • OmegaMouse@feddit.uk
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                I’m not quite sure what you mean by ‘people like me’. To be 100% clear, I agree with the point of the post but I just don’t think they’ve gone about explaining it in the best way. To somewhat agree with what you’re saying, I’d say yes, analogies and accurate statistics don’t fit well together, but neither do analogies and statistics in general. Either stick to written analogies/hyperbole OR use actual statistics.

                • VikingHippie@lemmy.wtf
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                  I’m not quite sure what you mean by ‘people like me’

                  Pedants, the easily sidetracked, those who will jump at the opportunity to distract from the message itself by hyperfocusing on an insignificant technical detail.

                  Take your pick.

          • 1rre@discuss.tchncs.de
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            1 year ago

            Ok so you’re saying that you need to outright lie to get people to side with you?

            That makes you sound like a politician, not a human rights advocate, but sure

              • 1rre@discuss.tchncs.de
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                How about you address the fact that you’re saying that telling the truth would distract from the point instead of pulling up distractions? Sounds like whataboutism to me

                • VikingHippie@lemmy.wtf
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                  Let me put it another way.

                  There’s 4,947,342.562 kinds of people in the world: those who obsess over needless numeral exactitude when faced with a rhetorical argument, and those who don’t.

              • 1rre@discuss.tchncs.de
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                Exact and false numbers given as proportions aren’t hyperbole, they’re misrepresentations, ie lies.

                • AdmiralShat@programming.dev
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                  1 year ago

                  “Say you’re in a room”

                  It’s literally at the start of the post. Anyone who has eyes and can read now understands this is hypothetical

      • li10@feddit.uk
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        1 year ago

        If anything the people pointing out how others are missing the point, are actually missing the point…

        There’s a middle ground between ‘autistically measuring in decimals’ and blowing something completely out of proportion to make a forced point.

        People are just getting defensive because it’s an underlying point they agree with (rightly so) and going on attack for anyone calling it out for being disingenuous.

        • VikingHippie@lemmy.wtf
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          Nope. That’s just objectively wrong.

          The choice of 1 almost certainly wasn’t a deliberate exaggeration of the actual amount. It’s just the nearest number that isn’t too specific to distract from the overall argument and/or small enough that pro-gun advocates can use it as an argument for gun violence not being a problem at all.

          • li10@feddit.uk
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            You can’t say they’re just rounding up when they randomly decided to choose 400 as the starting point…

            • VikingHippie@lemmy.wtf
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              So what you’re saying is that 400 is completely random and because of that, it follows that 1 is meant to be accurate? 🤔

              I’d say that it’s much more likely that they’re operating under the (incorrect but commonly believed) assumption that the US population is closer to 400m than 300m and both numbers are rounded up for simplicity.

              • jaspersgroove@lemm.ee
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                1 year ago

                The post says “at least 1” which implies that if anything they’re rounding that number down, because on some days that number is 2. So they’re suggesting that on any given day between 800,000 and 1.6 million Americans get shot, or that every single person in the country gets shot every 13 months or so.

                If they’re going to use a number that wildly inaccurate then I immediately assume that every other number in the statement is equally inaccurate, even if that’s not actually the case.

    • Denvil@lemmy.one
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      1 year ago

      Shot does not mean killed. Of the 327 average daily people shot, 210 survive. I will however admit that 1 in 400 people being shot a day does not represent the same ratio as the 327 out of the 330,000,000 a day at all.

      Also birthrate

    • Staple_Diet@aussie.zone
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      Not to detract from the overall message, buuuut…

      48,313 gun deaths in US in 2021.

      333,000,000 people in US

      On those rates 0.05 people in a room of 400 would be shot per year, so 1 person per 20 years.

      It’d 1 person every 2 years in a room of 4,000.

      Also those mental health numbers are off given the lifetime prevalence of most disorders being around 5%.

      2/400 (0.5%) of the population identifying as trans would be 1,665,000 people - which may be plausible but idk, I generally work on the figure of ~4% of any population being LBGTQI.

      Poverty numbers are probably bang on.

      • Tar_Alcaran@sh.itjust.works
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        “shot” does not mean “killed”.

        What I can find is roughly 315 people getting shot every day in the US. Out of 333m, that’s roughly 1 in 1m daily. In a room of 400 that’s 1 per 6.8 years.

          • celeste@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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            That’s from 2014 and only accounts for Australia, not any population also the survwy points out that among indigenous and Islander populations in Australia there aee more same sex couples.

            Pls be more careful which such generalised statements and wether your source is reliable/saying what you want it to say. Also Wikipedia is not a good source to refer to.

            • Staple_Diet@aussie.zone
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              Wikipedia is only a source of concern if the primary sources it cites are unreliable, in the linked article they refer to ABS data which is the most accurate population data for that country. No LGBT question was asked in the more recent Australian census. The ~4% of population being homosexual was a talking point during our same sex marriage plebiscite, hence why I use it.

              However, in recent US census data 3.3% of the population respond as being Lesbian or Gay, with 4.4% bisexual https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/11/census-bureau-survey-explores-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity.html. It’d be interesting to see how that percentage progresses as majority of positive respondents were in younger generations, while I doubt any will go from identifying as gay to then straight, we may see a decline in those who identify as bisexual as they age…but who knows.

              Regardless, returning to the OC, the figures for trans were all around the 0.6 mark in most sources I saw, so the 2/400 in the OC is accurate.

      • fmstrat@lemmy.nowsci.com
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        1 year ago

        I did the fact checks with references on everything else in another comment. NIH numbers actually made mental illness worse, but must keep in mind the lack of “serious” in OPs definition. Other stats were spot on. Where did you get these numbers? I couldn’t find anything I trusted on non-fatal gunshots.

        (Note: just realized you found the same number I did for deaths vs gunshots)

        • Staple_Diet@aussie.zone
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          You misinterpreted the NIH numbers. It isn’t 57% of 400 are untreated, but rather 57% of ~90 (NIH state 1 in 6/ 22.8% love with AMI). In any case though that ~90 figure relates to AMI which is a broad definition and includes very mild cases, whereas my numbers were related to SMI - which tends to be 5% (as supported by your NIH source). Having worked in the field, untreated schizophrenia is a lot more serious than untreated GAD or ADHD.

          Edit: my gunshot source: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/04/26/what-the-data-says-about-gun-deaths-in-the-u-s/

          Funnilly enough, if 2 people were shot a day in OP’s scenario, one of those would statistically be a suicide.

    • fmstrat@lemmy.nowsci.com
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      Fact time. You don’t always die when shot, and the US is a baby factory. I can’t find good stats on non-lethal gunshot, so I’ll do the rest.

      Verdict: Pretty accurate.

      • 8.4% without health insurance (33 in 400)
      • 11.5% poverty rate (46 in 400)
      • 20% adults below literacy level 1 (80 in 400)
      • 57% mental illness untreated (228 in 400) (requires math from NIH source)

      References:

      • 1rre@discuss.tchncs.de
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        No the rate is still too high, unless one of the people in the room is a serial killer but frankly that’d skew the untreated mental illness score pretty badly by giving everyone PTSD

    • oNevia@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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      1 year ago

      Youre probably just trolling to troll, but

      1. Being shot doesn’t mean being killed
      2. Why do you assume the population doesn’t change? Ya know people can make babies right? We’re actually pretty good at it. Probably too good at it.
      3. Also, not the fucking point.
      • 1rre@discuss.tchncs.de
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        1. Yes, but the average person doesn’t get shot once every 400 days
        2. It’s reasonable to assume any new arrivals also get shot on 0.25% of days
        3. It’s not the point, but frankly your point is more of a rounded curve than a point because anyone who doesn’t support trans rights is going to call BS on your numbers immediately so you’re just posturing, and why make up numbers to do that when you’re not actually having to convince anyone?

        I really don’t get why people with all sorts of beliefs lie to people with the same beliefs to convince them they have the right beliefs… It’s a waste of time, why not actually go out and make a difference if you support human rights and have enough time to make posts to your echo chamber about it?

        • oNevia@lemmy.blahaj.zone
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          1. No, the average person doesn’t get shot once every 400 days. That’s not the statistic. It’s 1 person in 400 getting shot. Number of days is not being factored.

          2. Again, you’re looking at the wrong variable. It’s not about how many days. This is a snapshot (of what I assume is population of the US) brought down from millions to hundreds of people. Roughly 400 million people brought down to 400. The whole point is to help people conceptualize just how absurd it is to target such a small minority. Smaller numbers are easier for people to conceptualize percentages.

          3. Sure, the numbers need to be rounded off in order to bring them down to easier to understand figures. I’m not saying they’re perfectly accurate, but they’re close enough to accurate to get the point across. Pointing out how the hypothetical situation doesn’t use exact figures of people distracts from the ultimate message. Which is your point I’m assuming. Just because these numbers are rounded, doesn’t mean they’re inaccurate.

          I agree with your last point. Lying doesn’t get anyone anywhere, especially when trying to appeal to “the other side” because that will be pointed out and then the argument (whether valid or not) is put into question.

          But this post is about a hypothetical situation with rounded statistics to emphasize the general absurdity of targeting trans folk as “the problem with this country.” When there are actual and bigger issues we as a whole face. Like gun violence, terrible healthcare infrastructure, and mental illness.

          Arguing about pedantics just obscures any actual criticism and distracts from the message. And who says this doesn’t make a difference? This is how issues in society gets resolved. By talking through them and bringing attention to them. So yeah - this helps the cause of human rights because it’s about bringing awareness and different perspectives into the conversation.

          • 1rre@discuss.tchncs.de
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            1 year ago

            1:

            everyday, at least 1 person is shot

            Remove everyday and maybe, but that everyday means you’re wrong on point 1

            2: not contesting this - I agree

            1. Rounding 0.00… to 1 acheives nothing

            At the end of the day I’m just saying it’s a useless post as it’s not really achieving anything, but I’m not saying you couldn’t make something good using the same premise

  • MrSebSin@sh.itjust.works
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    1 year ago

    That’s the beauty of the 400 system. Once you become part of one facet, you can achieve so much more. Poor? Now you have the opportunity to be illiterate and definitely not have health insurance. Which is convenient as you will either participate in or be privy to a crime that increases your odds of getting shot. Let’s say you hit the jackpot on all these and you recover from your injuries, you still have the opportunity to participate in mental illness!

  • DrPop@lemmy.one
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    1 year ago

    Now the post says shot and not killed. I think that distinction is important. But I imagine those statistics are insane.

    • fmstrat@lemmy.nowsci.com
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      I fact checked in other comments 😉 OP is fairly accurate overall, but I didn’t include gunshots since I couldn’t find reliable enough stats on non-fatal.

    • jaspersgroove@lemm.ee
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      It’s insane because it’s still bullshit, 1 in 400 would mean that over 800,000 Americans get shot every day, and every single person in America gets shot every 13 months or so.

  • MrSqueezles@lemm.ee
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    Jesus saves and I’m a soldier for Jesus, but only in the ways that don’t cost me money or require me to make any lifestyle changes or acknowledge that I may not be perfect. Now, who’s doing something that I can tangentially relate to the Bible that I’m not doing and don’t plan to ever do?

  • Aarrodri@lemmy.world
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    1 year ago

    Go out and vote. Can’t complain about that which you permit. Also Vote with your money and vote with your time. Those are the real impactful ones.

    • The public has no-one to vote for. We get to vote against the autocratic party by voting for the slightly less right wing party. But even Mr. Hope & Change couldn’t get much done.

      And the Federalist Society controls SCOTUS which has final say on the laws of the land, and has been stripping the people of civil rights for a while now. They got noticed after Dobbs

      It’s going to be a long, rough ride and the Christian nationalists may take over in the short term. Look into regional organizing and mutual aid. I think these are how the plutocrats will be beaten in the end.

      That or global famine.

    • fmstrat@lemmy.nowsci.com
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      1 year ago

      I’m confused, you made OP’s point? So how is it both ways? OP is saying they, and the government, should be focused on everyone, however half of our government is focusing only on those 2.

      • Asafum@feddit.nl
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        They’re trying to “both sides” deflect so they can continue to vote for literal monsters.

        Right: aims to make a specific portion of the population miserable.

        Left: talks about how the right is attacking that group of people to bring attention to it so we can stop it.

        Dolts: ThEy’Re BoTh ThE SaMe!!

    • Uriel238 [all pronouns]@lemmy.blahaj.zoneOP
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      On the Democrats side, I remember there being some hullabaloo about kids in school going without lunches, which we might want to change, since it’s not their fault they’re poor.

      Also that college debt has proven itself to be a scam that has driven large demographics into literal debt bondage, and maybe we should fix that.

      Those two are off the top of my head.

  • FlashMobOfOne@lemmy.world
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    1 year ago

    This analogy is flawed.

    It’s the people who put the people in the room who set the priorities, not the ones inside the room.

    • shastaxc@lemm.ee
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      You also need to assemble this group from a random selection of people from all across the country. The context of the analogy attempts to get the reader to visualize a room of 400 people which is easiest to do by drawing on personal experience such as a school assembly. But the stats listed will not apply to a group of 400 people from the same school zone, the same age. But visualizing a group of people you have an empathetic connection to is effective because it makes you wonder “what if a large amount of my friends of these disadvantaged people?” So it makes the message more effective, but it is utilizing emotional manipulation to do so.