Had this reflection that 144hz screens where the only type of screen I knew, that was not a multiple of 60. 60 Hz - 120hz - 240hz - 360hz
And in the middle 144hz Is there a reason why all follow this 60 rule, and if so, why is 144hz here
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Wow that’s crazy logical!
Im sick in my bed right now and forgot I used to have a bad 75hz screen 😅
Thank you!
With computer displays only limitation is hardware. If I had to hazard a guess, 144Hz is there because that’s approximately maximum supported on widest range of hardware and 144Hz crystals were widely available and therefore cheap. Kind of how there’s a huge market for rollerblade ball bearings. Pretty much all of the power tools are using them. They are simply everywhere because they are cheap.
I was really hoping you were Lemmy’s 1996 rage in the cage account making every conversation about ball bearings
Haha, never heard of that.
Tell me more about the ball bearing industry please!
Also subscribing for roller blade ball bearing facts
I remember getting ABEC-5 bearings for my blades back in the day. Felt like you were rolling on ice. ABEC-7 was an option, but they were so expensive and the gains were supposedly marginal. Still, I sometimes wonder about what they would’ve been like.
Really no different. The ABEC rating is about machine tolerances so they can spin really fast.
Roller blades and skateboards just don’t go that fast. Also the impacts and crap that they get off the ground damages them far more than what an industrial usage setting would.
They’re just fleecing customers
I had huge 100mm wheels, so I thought I felt the difference between ABEC-3 and -5, but maybe that was just placebo.
To quote Wikipedia:
The ABEC rating does not specify many critical factors, such as load handling capabilities, ball precision, materials, material Rockwell hardness, degree of ball and raceway (cone) polishing, noise, vibration, and lubricant. Due to these factors, a high-quality ABEC 3 classified bearing could actually perform better than a lower-quality bearing which satisfies (the stricter) ABEC 7 requirement.
ABEC only rates tolerances. Nothing else. They were rated bearings you had so they performed better than chinese knockoffs. If you wanted good stuff, go with Japanese, German or Korean.
I could be wrong and really don’t have the math in me, but I believer we’re taking about thousands of RPM here
Was big into roller skating as a kid. Had ABEC-7 bearings in my skates. They rolled extremely smooth for the first month or so…then they were normal skates again.
You didn’t clean them weekly?
Man I did, but they were hockey skates (ice was not a thing here at the time) and I wanted to get every ounce of performance out of them.
Cleaning bearings, rotating wheels, relacing them cause my feet grew crazy for a while.
I was a weird kid though. Now I’m just a weird adult.
I grew up a rink rat and by then I was one of those guys who would shuffle in speed skates. It was most of what I could do to keep my wheels clean and keep my trucks in that perfect “about to fall apart, but not actually fall apart” position.
Haha, very little experience with that. But I do know rollerblade bearings are now most popular bearings thanks to low prices because of their initial popularity. Kind of how 18650 cell became popular because of laptops and is now virtually everywhere, including EVs. It’s all playing at large scale with manufacturers.
Not sure what’s the part you are interested in. I did learn about them in school, so perhaps I do have some knowledge you might find interesting.
Divide. They needed buffer room because 30 60 or 120hz aren’t always exactly 30, 60, or 120hz. Like you said 144 was just the cheapest that net or exceeded spec.
LCD crystals do have a theoretical maximum, but we don’t have display drivers or transmission standards that support those frequencies.
Didn’t mean LCD crystals, but just crystal oscillators that are used for timing.
I have 160Hz screen.
Also, 144/24=6. 24fps is the original fps of the movies. So, 160 is more puzzling from this perspective. It is not divisible by 24 or 30.
Mine is an odd number, 165hz
75hz here. I thought it was pretty weird. It’s basically extra spicy 60hz.
75hz was because of CRT monitors. This very old Tom’s hardware article goes into the math behind the reasoning
72 Hz was used as a refresh rate for CRT monitors back in the day. Specifically because it was the average threshold that no users reported discomfort from CRT flicker. And 72 * 2.
It is likely a holdover from that era. I think from there, it is a multiple of 24 HZ so movie content scaled smoothly without tearing before vsync? Last part is a guess.
Old reel projectors actually flashed their light at 72Hz. They had to turn off the light to move the reel to the next slide so you couln’t see the pictures moving up off the screen, and human eyes are better at spotting quickly flashing lights than they are at spotting microstuttery motion, so flashing the bulb once per frame at 24Hz in a dark room was headache inducing. The solution they came up with was just to flash the bulb 3 times per frame, which is 72Hz.
144Hz is not a holdover in the case of computer monitors. It’s the maximum bandwidth you can push through DVI-D Dual-link at 1080p, which was the only standard that could support that refresh rate when they began producing LCD monitors built to run 144Hz.
I had to scroll a bit to make sure this answer was here before I wrote the same. 👍
The reason 60Hz was so prominent has to do with the power line frequency. Screens originated as cathode ray tube (CRT) TVs that were only able to use a single frequency, which was the one chosen by TV networks. They chose a the power line frequency because this minimizes flicker when recording light powered with the same frequency as the one you record with, and you want to play back in the same frequency for normal content.
This however isn’t as important for modern monitors. You have other image sources than video content produced for TV which benefit from higher rates but don’t need to match a multiple of 60. So nowadays manufacturers go as high as their panels allow, my guess is 144 exists because that’s 6*24Hz (the latter being the “cinematic” frequency). My monitor for example is 75 Hz which is 1.5*50Hz, which is the European power line frequency, but the refresh rate is variable anyways, making it can match full multiples of content frequency dynamically if desired.
ITT: A ton of people who think computer displays can only sync at a single clockrate for some reason.
Fun fact, quite a few monitors can be overclocked simply by creating a custom resolution. I have a 32" Thinkvision that officially only supports 1440p 60hz but it’s fine running at 70hz when asked to.
the numbers are a maximum and software can alter it lower or split it up. I worked in a visualization lab and we would often mess with the refresh rates. That being said you could alter it and the screen would not respond (show an image) so there must be some limitations.
Wait until you find out why 24.9 was a standard and still is for most of the movies. Logical at the time, completely retarded today.
Is that the same reason that 30fps and 29.97 fps are two different things?
They are related. Black and white TV was running at 30 frames for obvious easy timing since USA power grid is 60Hz, but then introduction of color added two more channels and caused interference between them. So signal became backwards compatible (luminance channel was black and white, while color TVs used two additional channels for color information) but color TVs had an issue. Whole 29.97 was a result of halving 60/1.001≈59.94. That slowing down of 0.1% was to prevent dot crawl, or chroma crawl (that interference). So all of today’s videos in 29.97, even digital ones, are in fact due to backwards compatibility with B&W TV which no longer exist and certainly pointless when it comes to digital formats.
On the other hand 24fps was just a convenience pick. It was easily divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6… and it was good enough since film stock was expensive. Europe rolled half of their power grid which is 50Hz, so 25… and movies stuck with 24 which was good enough but close enough to all the others. They still use this framerate today which is a joke considering you can get 8K video in resolution but have frame rate of a lantern show from last century.
movies stuck with 24 which was good enough but close enough to all the others. They still use this framerate today which is a joke considering you can get 8K video in resolution but have frame rate of a lantern show from last century.
“But when I saw The Hobbit with 48fps it looked so cheap and fake!”
😑
Because it was fake. :) It’s much harder to hide actors inability to fight when you see things moving instead of blurry frame. Or poor animations when your eyes have time to see details. Watch a good fighting movie like Ong Bak or anything by Jackie Chan and you’ll be fine because they actually know how to fight. No faking needed.
Yep! Not the only issue with it, but certainly one of them.
We also have everyone associating smooth motion with soap operas because of cheap digital television cameras (IIRC).
I like higher framerates. Sweeping shots and action scenes in 24fps can be so jarring when you’re used to videogames.
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it did
Of course it did, Weta had no lead time at all. They had years for the original LotR trilogy. They were set up for failure.
But unfortunately it ruined the industry perception of 48fps movies for years. To the point that when the new Avatar came out last year they were like "it’s 48fps but we promise we double up frames for some scenes so it’s only 24fps for those ones, don’t worry!”
I forgot about that. It’s true I didn’t notice any problems in Avatar 2.
It’s actually 23.976 and yes it’s because of NTSC frame rates. But increasingly things are shot now at a flat 24p since we’re not as tied down to the NTSC framerate these days.
Well, share with the class
Did so, in other comment in this thread. :)
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It’s not by chance 60fps. It was chosen because power grid in USA is 60Hz, so it was easy and cheap way to synchronize frames without having additional timing hardware. As for 59.97, that was a 0.1% slowdown introduced when color TV was added to prevent cross-talk in chroma channels. Weird solution but it worked out fine. Today there’s no reason for sync anything with power grid but 60 is still a very convenient number as it’s easily divisible by many others.
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I thought modern cameras compensate for that. Apparently not.
Funny effect, though - many cheap electronics (think coffee makers and microwave ovens) use the line frequency as a time base. Taking a 60Hz or 50Hz appliance and plugging it into the other causes the clock to be off.
Huh, now that is interesting - our microwave’s clock continually edges forward until it’s a few minutes out from the oven clock right next to it. I wonder if that’s why. I’m in the UK and as far as I know, all our appliances are too, but maybe not?
That’s probably just fluctuations in the line frequency and the method for keeping time varying between the two (one might use a crystal that drifts). Being on the “wrong” frequency will have it shift by hours every day. I had a (US/60Hz origin) microwave in my apartment in Bonaire (50Hz) last year that never seemed to have the right time, and when I did the math I realized it was the frequency - it was behind by ~4 extra hours every day (50/60 x 24 hours).
Oh ok, it’s usually a few minutes over the course of a week or so, so I guess it’s not that! :-)
Yeah, that’s just a shitty (or out of spec) time base. My Seiko watch gains 1-2 minutes a day, but it’s completely mechanical so it depends on temperature and winding/mechanism tension for accuracy. There are electronic timing circuits which are resistance and capacity based, and as the resistance and capacitance of the system drift (time/age and temperature) they also drift. A crystal, made to vibrate at high frequency (piezoelectrically, iirc), will provide a much more stable time base and be accurate to seconds over many days’ time.
Interesting aside - time keeping is how ships at sea used to determine where they were in the ocean. Latitude can be found from the stars, but longitude can’t so it needs a time reference standard. The book, Longitude tells the story of the search and the competing methods for determining location prior to the invention of crystal/electronic time bases and modern GPS. I won’t say that the storytelling is particularly gripping, but the actual path to discovery is fascinating.
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Yup.
My iMac says it’s 77hz.
60Hz was the original clock rate, determined by US power cycles way back in the day. This was 50Hz in some countries.
With LCD screens, the potential for higher frame rates became easier to achieve. They began to advertise 120Hz TVs and monitors, which set a new bar for frame rates. Some advertise 75Hz monitors, slightly better than 60Hz when crunching numbers. 75Hz is achieved by overclocking standard 60Hz control boards, most can achieve this refresh rate if they allow it. Later HDMI standards, DisplayPort and DVI-D support this frame rate at least up to 2K.
144Hz is the same trick as 75Hz, this time with a 120Hz control board. The true standard frame rate is 120Hz, it is clocked higher to achieve 144Hz. Why 144 exactly? This was most likely due to the lack of standards that originally supported higher frame rates. Dual-link DVI-D was the only one which could push 144Hz at 1080p. Any higher frame rate (or resolution) and the signal would exceed bandwidth. Now 144Hz is simply a new standard number and plenty of 1440p monitors are set to this frame rate.
Just to point out. I had 120hz on a CRT monitor back in the late 90s/early 2000s. The resolution was terrible though (either 640x480 or 800x600). At good resolutions (1024x768 or 1280x960) you were generally stuck with 75 to 90 at best.
60hz LCD screens were one of the reasons there was resistance among game players to move to LCD. Not to mention earlier units took a VGA input and as such the picture quality was usually bad compared to CRT and added latency. People buying LCDs did it for the aesthetics when they first became available. Where I worked, for example only the reception had an LCD screen.
Also, on a more pedantic point. 50hz is the power line frequency in the majority of the world.
That proves that the USA is 10 better than the rest of the world.
(Except American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua, Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guam, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, South Korea, Mexico, Micronesia, Montserrat Islands, Nicaragua, Okinawa, Palmyra Atoll, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis Islands, Saudi Arabia, Suriname, Tahiti, Taiwan, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, and western Japan)
Well, we had 100 more lines on TV so. We were 100 better!
On your pedantic point, I can’t argue. However, I can say 60Hz power cycles are what set in stone the 60Hz standard. This is in spite of the fact that a lot of countries didn’t even have 60Hz screens until screen controller clock rates were decoupled from power line frequencies.
Clear explanation! I assume the overclocking is the reason why my monitor goes to 165Hz.
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Display refresh rates, measured in hertz (Hz), significantly impact the smoothness of motion on screens. A display with a 60Hz refresh rate updates the image 60 times per second, each update representing a frame. Thus, at its maximum capacity, a 60Hz display shows 60 frames in one second. In contrast, a 360Hz display updates its image 360 times per second, allowing for the potential display of 360 frames in the same duration. This rapid succession of frames results in a markedly smoother visual experience, as the human eye perceives motion more fluidly when more frames are displayed per second.
Conversely, a display with a lower refresh rate, like 24Hz, refreshes the image just 24 times per second. This lower frequency results in a more ‘choppy’ or stuttered visual experience due to the fewer number of frames presented each second.
Analogous to a film projector, increasing the frame rate for smoother motion requires the film to move faster through the projector. However, without additional frames in the source material, this would simply speed up the playback. To maintain normal playback speed while achieving a higher frame rate, the source material must contain more frames. For instance, to sustain standard playback speed on a 360Hz display (which is 6 times faster than a 60Hz display), the source needs to provide six times as many frames per second.
The unit “hertz” means “per second”. A higher value is still one second, but more events per second.
All of the frames in the number (30, 60, 144, 360, etc) are shown in one second. So for 360 Hz you’re seeing a new frame every 1/360 = 0.0028 seconds vs 1/60 = 0.017 seconds which gives a smoother transition from frame to frame
